Canada Makes Necessary Food Safety Improvements

Part of the Food Policy Snapshot Series

Policy Name

Safe Food for Canadians Act (S.C. 2012, c. 24) & Safe Food for Canadians Regulations (SOR/2018-108)

Location

Canada

Overview

The Safe Food for Canadians Act (SFCA) and accompanying Safe Food for Canadians Regulations (SFCR), are part of a movement by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) to shift their focus to the prevention of foodborne illnesses through enhanced risk management and traceability. The SFCA and SFCR (to be referred to uniformly as the Safe Food law) consolidate four separate acts and fourteen sets of regulations, respectively, into one streamlined food inspection regime.

The law is a part of the CFIA’s Responding Today, Building for Tomorrow (RTBT) framework, which was launched in 2017 to develop a modern regulatory toolkit for Canadian industry. The Safe Food law is the first among a number of regulations proposed to encourage industries in the global marketplace and innovation around consumer protection. It accomplishes this in part through some outcome-based regulations, which specify results without supplying the means to achieve them.

Progress to Date

The SFCA passed through Canadian parliament in 2012, prior to the creation of the RTBT framework by the CFIA, though was later incorporated through the establishment of the regulations in the SFCR. After approval of the SFCA, the CFIA conducted more than 300 external events in consultation with stakeholders and received more than 1700 written submissions from industry, consumers, provincial and foreign governments between 2013 and 2017, which informed the creation of the SFCRs. The Safe Food law was then published in the Canadian Gazette in 2018, with enforcement beginning on January 15^t, 2019. The law will be reviewed over the next 5 years in accordance with Canadian law.

Program/Policy Initiated

January 15, 2019

Food Policy Category

Food Safety and Regulations

International Trade

Canada

Program Goals

The Safe Food laws are a response to the complex and integrated 21^st century, global food industry and changes in consumer confidence, which require greater oversight and traceability in supply chains, alignment with international standards through licensing, and efficacious punitive measures.

How it works

The SCFA consolidates Canada’s current food regulations, which had been split among the Fish Inspection Act, the Canada Agricultural Products Act, the Meat Inspection Act and the food provisions of the Consumer Packaging and Labelling Act. The new act reduces the bureaucratic overlap that makes it difficult for industry, including small businesses, to come into compliance with the law. There is also a substantial increase to the ceiling on fines that a firm could incur, from $250,000 to $5,000,000. The law places responsibilities for administration and enforcement under the aegis of the Agriculture Minister, in coordination with the Minister of Health.

The SFCR provides the body of regulations through which the SFCA is enforced, and preserves current effective measures. Changes to current regulations can be understood through the following example improvement areas:

Improvement Area	Explanation	Before SFCR	After SFCR
Preventive Controls	All food businesses are required to develop and apply a Preventive Control Plan (PCP) focused on people, premises, and procedures, which is to be submitted in written form to the CFIA.	Different types of fish and seafood importers have varying PCP and safety requirements.	All importers must meet the requirements of SFCR and have PCP approved by CFIA.
Licensing	All food businesses involved in activities including the processing, manufacturing, and packaging of food for import or export across provincial or national boundaries are required to obtain a license from the CFIA.	Import licenses are not required for fruit/ vegetable or on shell/ processed egg products.	All importers must meet the requirements of the SFCR and have a license for all food products imported and exported.
Traceability	All licensed food businesses (except for restaurants) are required to trace and document food one-step back (where the food came from) and one-step back (where the food is going).	Every shipment of meat is inspected by CFIA upon import.	Inspection frequency of products is based on risk of contamination. Not all shipments require inspection.

Why it’s important

This legislation was proposed in response to a confluence of events that have taken place in the last decade, which resulted in a precipitous drop in confidence in the Canadian food industry. This was in part due to the sheer increase in value of imports of food into Canada, doubling to $22.8 billion from 2006 to 2015. During this time, there was foodborne illness breakout that originated in ready-to-eat-meat tainted with Listeriosis. The breakout claimed the lives of 23 Canadians and lead to the creation of the Weatherhill Report, which investigated the circumstances around the breakout and proposed recommendations to industry and government. Many of the recommendations were integrated into the Safe Food law, including streamlining government coordination, more effective food inspection methods, and industry culpability of their supply chain management. The Canadian government was then further pressured into making comprehensive reforms after a 2016 audit by the U.S. government found systemic inspection and sanitation problems and inconsistencies with U.S. inspection standards. The Safe Food laws were subsequently arranged to not only address consumer weariness and industry standards but also ensure Canada as a global leader in food inspection and public health.

Learn more

Safe Food for Canadians Act (S.C. 2012, c. 24)

https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/S-1.1/

Safe Food for Canadians Regulations (SOR/2018-108)

https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2018-108/index.html

Canadian Food Safety Information Network (CSFIN)

http://inspection.gc.ca/food/cfsin/eng/1525378586176/1525378959647

Explanatory Infographic

https://www.aacb.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Safe-Foods-for-Canadians-Infographic-All-in-One.pdf

Point of Contact

CFIA Media Relations

613-773-6600