Part of the Food Policy Snapshot Series
Policy name: Oslo Climate Budget 2021
Overview: Since 2016, Oslo has created a yearly climate budget to track carbon emissions in the same way that the city tracks monetary spending. The climate budget for 2021 focuses on reducing emissions from the construction industry and road traffic, including the creation of biogas from household food waste to fuel public transportation.
Location: Oslo, Norway
Population: 1.06 million
Food policy category: Climate change, food waste
Program goals: To reduce carbon emissions from 2009 levels by 52 percent before 2023 and by 95 percent before 2030.
How it works: The climate budget acts as a blueprint for how the city will reduce its carbon emissions. Each year the city government sets out specific initiatives, based on the Norwegian Environment Agency’s national emission inventory, to reduce emissions created by the most problematic entities and industries. The budget also has requirements for reporting on climate measures in the same way that reporting on financial spending is required.
The three areas that account for 88 percent of Oslo’s greenhouse gas emissions are the building and construction industry, road transportation, and waste incineration. One measure used to reduce road traffic emissions since 2014 has been the use of biogas made from household food waste to fuel public buses. Households are encouraged to separate their food waste into separate garbage bags, so that plants can anaerobically digest it and convert it to biogas.
The 2021 budget includes several other initiatives that focus on reducing emissions.
Building and Construction:
- Requirements for fossil-free building and construction sites, and eventually, zero-emissions from building and construction sites
- Fossil-free transport of bulk materials
Road Transport:
- Better charging infrastructure for electric vehicles
- Establish zero-emissions zones that are accessible only to vehicles running on electricity, hydrogen, or biogas
- Increased parking fees, and more reserved parking spaces for electric vehicles
- Increased subsidies for public transportation
- Increased road tolls for fossil-fuel vehicles
Waste Incineration:
- Recycling rate increased to 65 percent
- Establish carbon capture-and-storage facilities, which trap carbon dioxide instead of releasing it into the atmosphere.
Progress to date: In 2020, greenhouse gas emissions in Oslo were down from 2020 levels by only an estimated 25 percent, falling short of the city’s original goal of a 41 percent reduction by 2020.
Why it is important: Greenhouse gas emissions gradually raise atmospheric temperatures around the world. The negative impacts of climate change include air pollution, heat-related illnesses and deaths for humans and animals, more severe weather conditions such as heat waves, droughts, and floods, rising sea levels, and alterations in the ways various species live and interact.
In terms of our food systems, climate change is likely to be detrimental to crop yields and livestock production, will result in food shortages and higher food prices, and, ultimately, in greater food insecurity.
Across the world, one-third of all food produced is wasted. It is important to focus on reducing the amount of edible food that is wasted to reduce global hunger, but at the same time, much organic waste is not edible (for example, egg shells, grease, fruit peels and rinds, and livestock manure) and can be converted to biogas to fuel vehicles. The production of biogas uses anaerobic digestion, which traps greenhouse gases rather than releasing them into the atmosphere. Using biogas for vehicles also reduces reliance on fossil fuels, thereby further reducing greenhouse gas emissions and helping to reverse climate change.
Program/Policy initiated: Oslo’s first carbon budget was created in 2016.
Point of contact: N/A
Similar practices: At this time, Oslo is the only known location with an official climate budget.
Evaluation: Heidi Sorensen, Director of the City of Oslo’s Climate Agency, has said that the results to date have not been satisfactory, and more stringent measures will need to be put in place in order to achieve the city’s goals for 2023 and 2030. The Climate Agency believes it will be challenging to reach an emissions reduction of 52 percent by 2023.
Learn more:
- A History of the Global Carbon Budget (WIREs Climate Change)
- Are Climate Budgets the New Green? A Critical Study of Environmental Discourses in Oslo’s Climate Budget (Lund University Centre for Sustainable Studies)
- The Effect of Climate Change Across Food Systems: Implications for Nutrition Outcomes (Global Food Security)
- Oslo Plans ‘Climate Budget’ to Cut Emissions in Half (Time)
References:
- 8 Facts to Know About Food Waste and Hunger (World Food Program USA)
- Biogas from Food Waste, Oslo (SITRA)
- Climate Budget 2021 (Klima Oslo)
- The Climate Budget Ensures Reduced Emissions from Traffic, Construction and Waste Incineration (Klima Oslo)
- Fact Sheet | Biogas: Converting Waste to Energy (Environmental and Energy Study Institute)
- Food and Climate Change (Johns Hopkins Center for A Livable Future)
- Greenhouse Gases (United States Environmental Protection Agency)
- How Does Anaerobic Digestion Work? (United States Environmental Protection Agency)
- Oslo Climate Budget (European Commission)
- Oslo’s Climate Budget 2020: The Most Important Figures (Klima Oslo)
- Oslo’s Climate Strategy and Climate Budget (Oslo City Government)
- Oslo Takes an Integrated Approach to Treat Waste into Circular Bio-resources (European Union)
- Oslo Turns Food Waste into Fuel for Buses (Good News Network)